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Firearms vs Guns: What’s the Difference?
Mar
Firearms vs Guns: What’s the Difference?
The AR-15 you’re holding isn’t just a “gun”—it’s a firearm. While the terms are often used interchangeably, understanding the distinction matters, especially when discussing regulations, classifications, or technical details. For example, a Glock 19 is a firearm, but so is a Remington 700 bolt-action rifle. Both fall under the broader category, yet they serve entirely different purposes.
Defining Firearms and Guns
A firearm is any device designed to expel a projectile by the action of an explosive. This includes rifles, shotguns, handguns, and even machine guns. The term “gun” is more colloquial and often refers to handguns or pistols, like the Sig Sauer P320 or Smith & Wesson M&P Shield. However, in military and legal contexts, “firearm” is the preferred term for accuracy. For instance, ATF regulations classify firearms based on barrel length, action type, and caliber, not just the casual label of “gun.”
Technical Differences
Firearms are categorized by their action type: semi-automatic, bolt-action, lever-action, etc. For example, the Ruger 10/22 is a semi-automatic firearm, while the Winchester Model 94 is a lever-action firearm. Guns, on the other hand, are typically handguns—think 9mm Glocks or .45 ACP 1911s. The Springfield Armory XD-M Elite 10mm is a firearm, but it’s also a gun because it’s a handgun. Understanding these distinctions is crucial when selecting the right tool for self-defense, hunting, or competition.
Legal Implications
The legal distinction between firearms and guns can impact ownership and use. For example, ATF Form 4473 refers to “firearms,” not “guns,” when conducting background checks. Certain firearms, like the AR-15 platform, are classified as rifles and face different regulations than handguns. In some states, concealed carry permits apply specifically to handguns, not all firearms. Knowing the difference ensures compliance with federal and state laws.
Practical Applications
In tactical scenarios, firearms like the FN SCAR 17S are favored for their precision and power, while guns like the Smith & Wesson M&P9 are preferred for their compact size and ease of carry. For hunters, a firearm like the Browning X-Bolt rifle is ideal for long-range accuracy, whereas a gun like the Glock 20 10mm might be used for close-range protection in the field. Choosing the right tool depends on understanding these differences.
Historical Context
The term “gun” dates back to the 14th century, often referring to cannons or handheld weapons like muskets. “Firearm” emerged later to describe weapons using gunpowder. Today, modern firearms like the Daniel Defense DDM4 V7 Pro showcase advanced engineering, while guns like the Kimber Micro 9 continue the tradition of compact, concealable sidearms. Both terms have evolved, but their core distinctions remain relevant.
Is a shotgun considered a firearm or a gun?
A shotgun is classified as a firearm, not a gun. It falls under the broader category of long guns, which includes rifles and shotguns.
Can I legally own a firearm without owning a gun?
Yes, owning a firearm like a bolt-action rifle or AR-15 doesn’t require owning a handgun (gun). Laws vary by state, so always check local regulations.
What’s the difference between a pistol and a firearm?
A pistol is a type of firearm. All pistols are firearms, but not all firearms are pistols. For example, a Sig Sauer P226 is both a pistol and a firearm.
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Last updated: April 28, 2026
